Journal of Biological Chemistry “Paper of the Week” Provides Insight into Vitamin Production
A Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine study in the November 22 issue of Journal of Biological Chemistry, explains how vitamin A is generated from beta carotene, its dietary precursors. The discovery sheds new light into how beta carotene’s enzymes are utilized differently contributing to the vitamin’s production. This insight will help guide solutions for vitamin A deficiency, a global public health problem affecting more than half of all countries, according to the World Health Organization.
The study, named a Paper of the Week, led by Johannes von Lintig, PhD, associate professor of pharmacology, demonstrates that beta-carotene is converted to Vitamin A and not other metabolites, which some theorized were toxic compounds.
Vitamin A deficiency is especially prevalent in developing countries of Asia, due to largely rice-based diets which lack beta-carotene, a member of the micronutrient carotenoid family. The deficiency mainly affects pregnant women and children and leads to blindness and increases morbidity.
Understanding how vitamin A is produced in the body is essential to effective public health interventions. Efforts are underway by humanitarian groups to supplement young children and fortify foods, for example in the form of “golden rice,” rice genetically modified to contain beta-carotene. The von Lintig Laboratory’s discovery validates the benefits of fortifying foods to combat the worldwide deficiency problem. Some reports indicate the problem exists in areas of the U.S. where access to fresh fruits and vegetables is scarce.
While the benefit of beta-carotene and fellow carotenoids are widely known, how the body metabolizes beta-carotene has remained a matter of debate. The reason for this controversy is the existence of the micronutrient’s two different metabolizing enzymes, BCO1 and BCO2. Some studies have suggested BCO2 metabolizes beta-carotene differently, thereby inhibiting the beneficial effects of Vitamin A.
The research team provided evidence that BCO1 directly converts beta-carotene to vitamin A. However, they discovered the second enzyme, BCO2, is also significant. It helps prepare carotenoids, other than beta-carotene, for vitamin A production. Specifically, BCO2 removes the part of the carotenoid that cannot be utilized for vitamin A production. The remaining portion of the carotenoid is then further processed by BCO1 to generate vitamin A.
“Our study shows that beta-carotene’s second enzyme does not produce a toxic compound, as had been proposed by some researchers. Rather, the enzyme aids in the metabolizing of carotenoids, aside from beta-carotene, to become vitamin A,” said von Lintig and concluded “that beta-carotene is an important and safe precursor for vitamin A in our diet. Our findings also suggest that golden rice plants are likely very safe for consumption.”
Source:
http://casemed.case.edu/
به گفته محققان هورمون ملاتونین و خواب باهم ارتباط نزدیکی در درمان پوکی استخوان دارند.
هورمون ملاتونین در درمان پوکی استخوان مفید است؛ هورمون ملاتونین هورمونی است که در غده کوچکی به نام پینه آل در مغز تولید میشود و به تنظیم چرخه خواب و بیداری در بدن کمک میکند.
مقدار بسیار کمی از ملاتونین در غذاهایی مانند گوشتها، حبوبات، میوهها و سبزیها وجود دارد.
تولید این هورمون تا حدودی به میزان نور و روشنایی بستگی دارد؛ تولید ملاتونین گاه زودتر و گاه دیرتر شروع میشود؛ میزان طبیعی ملاتونین با افزایش سن به تدریج کاهش پیدا میکند.
از مکملهای غذایی ملاتونین گاهی برای درمان بیخوابی به کار میرود و به طور کلی این هورمون روی ساعات بیولوژیکی بدن ما تأثیر میگذارد.
طبق اولین مطالعات محققان دانشگاه McGill در کانادا و مادرید – اسپانیا به رهبری پروفسور «فاله تامیمی» یکی دیگر از فواید ملاتونین تحکیم و تقویت استخوانهاست.
در این مطالعات انجام شده، مکملهای ملاتونین در طول ده هفته به موشهای صحرایی 22 ماهه داده شد.
محققان سپس قدرت تراکم استخوان ران جوندگان که در معرض ملاتونین بودند را ارزیابی کردند و نتایج آن نشان داد که استخوانها تقویت و مقاومتر شدهاند و این نشان دهنده اثر مثبت این هورمون بر روی استخوانهاست و باز نتیجه گیری میکنیم که رشد استخوانها و خواب با هم در ارتباط هستند زیرا این سلولها با خوابیدن رشد کرده و مقاوم میشوند.
در واقع استئوبلاست (سلولهایی که بخش ماتریکس پروتئینی استخوان مانند کلاژن را میسازد و همواره در حال ساخت استخوان هستند) شب فعالترند.
پروفسور «تمیمی» میگوید: با بالا رفتن سن، خواب مفید کمتر میشود و استئولاست فعالتر میشود و با آزمایشاتی که بر روی موشها انجام شده نشان میدهد این پدیده منجر به تسریع روند استخوان میشود.
ملاتونین در درمان پوکی استخوان معجزه میکند؛ این بیماری که عمدتاً افراد مسن را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد با شکنندگی استخوانها مشخص میشود و میتواند به فاجعه در برخی از موارد منجر شود.
مکمل ملاتونین قرص تنظیم خواب موثری و قدرتمندی است که توسط شرکت دارو سازی سپید طب تولید و روانه بازار گردیده است. به گفته پزشکان و متخصصان این ماده (ملاتونین) در بدن آدمی و در غده صنوبری مغز تولید شده و بدن را در تنظیم چرخه خواب شبانه یاری می کند. علت اینکه میزان خواب موثر شبانه آدمی با گذشت سن، کمتر و کمتر می شود، کاهش تدریجی میزان ترشح این ماده است که کاهش آن با افزایش سن در بدن انسان رخ می دهد. پزشکان بر این عقیده هستند که جوانان به دلیل اینکه ملاتونین بیشتری در بدنشان دارند، بهتر و راحتر از افراد کهنسال به خواب می روند.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy. People are also exposed to free radicals in the environment from cigarette smoke, air pollution, and ultraviolet light from the sun.
The body also needs vitamin E to boost its immune system so that it can fight off invading bacteria and viruses. It helps to widen blood vessels and keep blood from clotting within them. In addition, cells use vitamin E to interact with each other and to carry out many important functions.
Table of Contents
What is vitamin E and what does it do?
How much vitamin E do I need?
What foods provide vitamin E?
What kinds of vitamin E dietary supplements are available?
Am I getting enough vitamin E?
What happens if I don't get enough vitamin E?
What are some effects of vitamin E on health?
Can vitamin E be harmful?
Are there any interactions with vitamin E that I should know about?
Vitamin E and healthful eating
Where can I find out more about vitamin E?
Disclaimer
How much vitamin E do I need?
The amount of vitamin E you need each day depends on your age. Average daily recommended intakes are listed below in milligrams (mg) and in International Units (IU). Package labels list the amount of vitamin E in foods and dietary supplements in IU.
Life Stage Recommended Amount
Birth to 6 months 4 mg (6 IU)
Infants 7–12 months 5 mg (7.5 IU)
Children 1–3 years 6 mg (9 IU)
Children 4–8 years 7 mg (10.4 IU)
Children 9–13 years 11 mg (16.4 IU)
Teens 14–18 years 15 mg (22.4 IU)
Adults 15 mg (22.4 IU)
Pregnant teens and women 15 mg (22.4 IU)
Breastfeeding teens and women 19 mg (28.4 IU)
What foods provide vitamin E?
Vitamin E is found naturally in foods and is added to some fortified foods. You can get recommended amounts of vitamin E by eating a variety of foods including the following:
Vegetable oils like wheat germ, sunflower, and safflower oils are among the best sources of vitamin E. Corn and soybean oils also provide some vitamin E.
Nuts (such as peanuts, hazelnuts, and, especially, almonds) and seeds (like sunflower seeds) are also among the best sources of vitamin E.
Green vegetables, such as spinach and broccoli, provide some vitamin E.
Food companies add vitamin E to some breakfast cereals, fruit juices, margarines and spreads, and other foods. To find out which ones have vitamin E, check the product labels.
What kinds of vitamin E dietary supplements are available?
Vitamin E supplements come in different amounts and forms. Two main things to consider when choosing a vitamin E supplement are:
The amount of vitamin E: Most once-daily multivitamin-mineral supplements provide about 30 IU of vitamin E, whereas vitamin E-only supplements usually contain 100 to 1,000 IU per pill. The doses in vitamin E-only supplements are much higher than the recommended amounts. Some people take large doses because they believe or hope that doing so will keep them healthy or lower their risk of certain diseases.
The form of vitamin E: Although vitamin E sounds like a single substance, it is actually the name of eight related compounds in food, including alpha-tocopherol. Each form has a different potency, or level of activity in the body.
Vitamin E from natural (food) sources is listed as "d-alpha-tocopherol" on food packaging and supplement labels. Synthetic (laboratory-made) vitamin E is listed as "dl-alpha-tocopherol." The natural form is more potent. For example, 100 IU of natural vitamin E is equal to about 150 IU of the synthetic form.
Some vitamin E supplements provide other forms of the vitamin, such as gamma-tocopherol, tocotrienols, and mixed tocopherols. Scientists do not know if any of these forms are superior to alpha-tocopherol in supplements.
Am I getting enough vitamin E?
The diets of most Americans provide less than the recommended amounts of vitamin E. Nevertheless, healthy people rarely show any clear signs that they are not getting enough vitamin E (see next question for information on the signs of vitamin E deficiency).
What happens if I don't get enough vitamin E?
Vitamin E deficiency is very rare in healthy people. It is almost always linked to certain diseases where fat is not properly digested or absorbed. Examples include Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, and certain rare genetic diseases such as abetalipoproteinemia and ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED). Vitamin E needs some fat for the digestive system to absorb it.
Vitamin E deficiency can cause nerve and muscle damage that results in loss of feeling in the arms and legs, loss of body movement control, muscle weakness, and vision problems. Another sign of deficiency is a weakened immune system.
What are some effects of vitamin E on health?
Scientists are studying vitamin E to understand how it affects health. Here are several examples of what this research has shown.
Heart disease
Some studies link higher intakes of vitamin E from supplements to lower chances of developing heart disease. But the best research finds no benefit. People in these studies are randomly assigned to take vitamin E or a placebo (dummy pill with no vitamin E or active ingredients) and they don't know which they are taking. Vitamin E supplements do not seem to prevent heart disease, reduce its severity, or affect the risk of death from this disease. Scientists do not know whether high intakes of vitamin E might protect the heart in younger, healthier people who do not have a high risk of heart disease.
Cancer
Most research indicates that vitamin E does not help prevent cancer and may be harmful in some cases. Large doses of vitamin E have not consistently reduced the risk of colon and breast cancer in studies, for example. A large study found that taking vitamin E supplements (400 IU/day) for several years increased the risk of developing prostate cancer in men. Two studies that followed middle-aged men and women for 7 or more years found that extra vitamin E (300–400 IU/day, on average) did not protect them from any form of cancer. However, one study found a link between the use of vitamin E supplements for 10 years or more and a lower risk of death from bladder cancer.
Vitamin E dietary supplements and other antioxidants might interact with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. People undergoing these treatments should talk with their doctor or oncologist before taking vitamin E or other antioxidant supplements, especially in high doses.
Eye disorders
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), or the loss of central vision in older people, and cataracts are among the most common causes of vision loss in older people. The results of research on whether vitamin E can help prevent these conditions are inconsistent. Among people with early-stage AMD, a supplement containing large doses of vitamin E combined with other antioxidants, zinc, and copper showed promise for slowing down the rate of vision loss.
Mental function
Several studies have investigated whether vitamin E supplements might help older adults remain mentally alert and active as well as prevent or slow the decline of mental function and Alzheimer's disease. So far, the research provides little evidence that taking vitamin E supplements can help healthy people or people with mild mental functioning problems to maintain brain health.
Can vitamin E be harmful?
Eating vitamin E in foods is not risky or harmful. In supplement form, high doses of vitamin E might increase the risk of bleeding (by reducing the blood's ability to form clots after a cut or injury) and of serious bleeding in the brain (known as hemorrhagic stroke). The highest safe level of intake from supplements for adults is 1,500 IU/day for natural forms of vitamin E and 1,100 IU/day for the synthetic form. The highest safe levels for children are lower than for adults. Some recent research suggests that intakes of vitamin E below these upper safe levels could increase the risk of prostate cancer in men. Vitamin E might also increase the risk of death in some adults with chronic health conditions, but this does not seem to be the case in healthy people.
Are there any interactions with vitamin E that I should know about?
Vitamin E dietary supplements can interact or interfere with certain medicines that you take. Here are some examples:
Vitamin E can increase the risk of bleeding in people taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medicines, such as warfarin (Coumadin®).
In one study, vitamin E plus other antioxidants (such as vitamin C, selenium, and beta-carotene) reduced the heart-protective effects of two drugs taken in combination (a statin and niacin) to affect blood-cholesterol levels.
Taking antioxidant supplements while undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer could alter the effectiveness of these treatments.
Tell your doctor, pharmacist, and other health care providers about any dietary supplements and medicines you take. They can tell you if those dietary supplements might interact or interfere with your prescription or over-the-counter medicines, or if the medicines might interfere with how your body absorbs, uses, or breaks down nutrients.
Vitamin E and healthful eating
People should get most of their nutrients from food, advises the federal government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Foods contain vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and other substances that benefit health. Dietary supplements might help in some situations to increase the intake of a specific vitamin or mineral. For more information on building a healthy diet, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americansexternal link icon and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's food guidance system, ChooseMyPlateexternal link icon.
A commonly used supplement is likely to improve outcomes and recovery for individuals who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI), according to research conducted by University of Kentucky neuroscientists.
Sasha Rabchevsky, associate professor of physiology, Patrick Sullivan, associate professor of anatomy and neurobiology, and Samir Patel, senior research scientist -- all of the UK Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC) -- have discovered that in experimental models, severe spinal cord injury can be treated effectively by administering the supplement acetyl-L-carnitine or ALC, a derivative of essential amino acids that can generate metabolic energy, soon after injury.
The researchers previously reported that following spinal cord injury, the mitochondria, or energy-generation components of cells, are overwhelmed by chemical stresses and lose the ability to produce energy in the form of the compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This leads to cell death at the injury site and, ultimately, paralysis of the body below the injury level.
Rabchevsky, Sullivan and Patel have recently demonstrated that ALC can preserve the vitality of mitochondria by acting as an alternative biofuel providing energy to cells, thus bypassing damaged mitochondrial enzymes and promoting neuroprotection.
Results soon to be published show that systemic administration of ALC soon after a paralyzing injury promoted the milestone recovery of the ability to walk. Unlike the animal control group given no ALC, which regained only slight hindlimb movements, the group treated with ALC recovered hindlimb movements more quickly and were able to stand on all four limbs and walk a month later. Critically, such remarkable recovery was correlated with significant tissue sparing at the injury site following administration of ALC.
Because ALC can be administered orally, and is well-tolerated at relatively high doses in humans, researchers believe that their discovery may be translated easily to clinical practice as an early intervention for people with traumatic spinal cord injuries.
Initial funding for these studies was provided by the Kentucky Spinal Cord and Head Injury Research Trust (KSCHIRT). Based on their findings, the research team has been awarded additional grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, with the aim of enabling the investigators to study the beneficial effects of combining ALC with an antioxidant agent known as N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA). The results were reported at the recent National Neurotrauma Society Symposium in July 2011, and will be presented again at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in November 2011.
When translated into clinical practice, this research is expected to offer a viable pharmacological option for promoting neuroprotection and maximizing functional recover following traumatic spinal cord injury.
Source:
University of Kentucky
This fact sheet provides basic information about aloe vera—common names, what the science says, potential side effects and cautions, and resources for more information.
Aloe vera’s use can be traced back 6,000 years to early Egypt, where the plant was depicted on stone carvings. Known as the “plant of immortality,” aloe was presented as a burial gift to deceased pharaohs.
Historically, aloe was used topically to heal wounds and for various skin conditions, and orally as a laxative. Today, in addition to these uses, aloe is used as a folk or traditional remedy for a variety of conditions, including diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, and osteoarthritis. It is also used topically for osteoarthritis, burns, sunburns, and psoriasis. Aloe vera gel can be found in hundreds of skin products, including lotions and sunblocks. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved aloe vera as a natural food flavoring.
Aloe leaves contain a clear gel that is often used as a topical ointment. The green part of the leaf that surrounds the gel can be used to produce a juice or a dried substance (called latex) that is taken by mouth.
What the Science Says
Aloe latex contains strong laxative compounds. Products made with various components of aloe (aloin, aloe-emodin, and barbaloin) were at one time regulated by the FDA as oral over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives. In 2002, the FDA required that all OTC aloe laxative products be removed from the U.S. market or reformulated because the companies that manufactured them did not provide the necessary safety data.
Early studies show that topical aloe gel may help heal burns and abrasions. One study, however, showed that aloe gel inhibits healing of deep surgical wounds. Aloe gel has not been shown to prevent burns from radiation therapy.
There is not enough scientific evidence to support aloe vera for any of its other uses.
Side Effects and Cautions
Use of topical aloe vera is not associated with significant side effects.
A 2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) study on oral consumption of non-decolorized whole leaf extract of aloe vera found clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in male and female rats, based on tumors of the large intestine. According to the NTP, from what is known right now there is nothing that would lead them to believe that these findings are not relevant to humans. However, more information, including how individuals use different types of aloe vera products, is needed to determine the potential risks to humans.
Abdominal cramps and diarrhea have been reported with oral use of aloe vera.
Diarrhea, caused by the laxative effect of oral aloe vera, can decrease the absorption of many drugs.
People with diabetes who use glucose-lowering medication should be cautious if also taking aloe by mouth because preliminary studies suggest aloe may lower blood glucose levels.
There have been a few case reports of acute hepatitis from aloe vera taken orally. However, the evidence is not definitive.
Tell all your health care providers about any complementary health practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care. For tips about talking with your health care providers about complementary and alternative medicine, see NCCAM's Time to Talk campaign.
Sources
Aloe. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at www.naturaldatabase.com on May 4, 2009.
Aloe (Aloe vera). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at www.naturalstandard.com on May 4, 2009.
پژوهشگران کشور با استفاده از دو نوع جلبک مکملهای غذایی گیاهی را عرضه کردند که حاوی انواع مواد معدنی و ویتامینها است.
این محققان با استفاده از ریز جلبکهای «کلرولا» و «اسپیرولینا» مکملهای غذایی را تولید کردند.
جلبکهای کلرولا نوعی جلبک سبز تک سلولی و ساکن آبهای شیرین است است و قدمتی بالغ بر 2.5 میلیارد سال دارد و امروزه در بسیاری از کشورهای اروپایی و آسیایی برای تولید مکملهای غذایی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند.
کلرولا حاوی بیشترین میزان کلروفیل در بین کلیه گونههای گیاهی شناخته شده است. این جلبک به دلیل محتوای غنی و کامل خودکمبودهای احتمالی در رژیمهای غذایی را از طریق تامین پروتئین، فیبر، ویتامینها، عناصر معدنی جبران میکند از این رو میتوان از آن به تنهایی به عنوان یک غذای کامل برای یک دوره طولانی مدت استفاده کرد.
جلبک کلرولا حاوی انواع ویتامینهای A، E،B1، B2 و C و غنی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری است. علاوه بر آن دارای دیواره سلولی حاوی فیبرهای ویژه با خاصیت سم زدایی از بدن و سرشار از کلروفیل یا همان خون سبز گیاهی است.
جلبک اسپیرولینا نیز نوعی جلبک سبز- آبی است که از ابتداییترین اشکال حیات بر رروی گره زمین به شمار میرود. این جلبک قدمتی در حدود 3.5 میلیارد سال دارد و به صورت معلق در آبهای شیرین پرورش می یابد. این جلبک به عنوان مکمل غذایی در کشورهای صنعتی و پیشرفته مصرف میشود. این جلبک دارای اسیدهای چرب مانند گاما لینولنیک اسید و امگا 3 و 6 و حاوی انواع ویتامینها چون A و E و سرشار از رنگدانه کلروفیل و مواد معدنی چون منیزیوم، آهن، فسفر و کلسیم است.
برخی تا زمانی که عضوی از بدنشان به دلیل کاهش تراکم استخوان دچار شکستگی نشود، متوجه بیماری پوکی استخوان خود نمی شوند و نمی دانند که به این بیماری که در علم پزشکی استئوپروز گفته می شود ، مبتلا هستند.
پوکی استخوان در واقع به عنوان یکی از بیماری های خاموش در جامعه به شمار می رود که متاسفانه بسیاری از افراد از جمله مبتلایان به بیماری های تیروئیدی، پاراتیروئیدی، روماتیسم، زنان بالای 50 سال به دلیل یائسگی، افراد معتاد و کسانی که مشروبات الکلی می نوشند، بیشتر در معرض ابتلا به این بیماری هستند.
نامگذاری روز جهانی بیماری پوکی استخوان
در این راستا اهمیت پوکی استخوان به حدی است که سازمان بهداشت جهانی WHO روز 29 مهر را به عنوان روز جهانی بیماری پوکی استخوان یا همان استئوپروز نامگذاری کرده است.
از آنجا که پوکی استخوان به عنوان یک بیماری خاموش از آن یاد می شود، کمتر کسی با داشتن زمینه های بروز این بیماری از ابتلای به آن اطلاع دارد و این موضوع باید بیشتر مدنظر قرار گیرد.
بر اساس آمارها از هر سه زن بالای 50 سال در جهان یک نفر پوکی استخوان دارد.
** مصرف کلیسم کافی راه مبارزه با پوکی استخوان
کارشناس دفتر بهبود تغذیه جامعه وزارت بهداشت با بیان اینکه کمبود کلسیم در بدن سبب پوکی استخوان می شود، افزود: کلسیم کافی باید در غذای نوجوانان قبل از بلوغ وجود داشته باشد تا استخوان ها تراکم مناسبی داشته و در سالمندی به پوکی استخوان مبتلا نشوند.
ˈمریم زارعیˈ اظهار داشت: کلسیم فراوان ترین املاح موجود در بدن است و اگر کسی نتواند از طریق غذا به مقدار کافی کلسیم را برای رفع نیازهای خود دریافت کند، بدن از کلسیم موجود در استخوان ها استفاده می کند که باعث کاهش استحکام استخوان ها می شود.
** منابع سرشار از کلسیم
وی گفت: سبزی ها، بروکلی ، انجیر خشک، مغزها، ماهی مثل ماهی آزاد، ماهی تن و ساردین و فرآورده های لبنی کم چرب بهترین منابع کلسیم و مواد معدنی به شمار می رود که علاوه بر استحکام از شکنندگی و نازک شدن استخوان ها جلوگیری می کنند.
کارشناس دفتر بهبود تغذیه جامعه وزارت بهداشت در ادامه تصریح کرد: شیر و لبنیات کم چرب نیز به علت دارا بودن فسفر، منیزیم و ویتامین باعث جذب کلسیم می شود و همچنین خوردن پنیر و گردو باعث بالا بردن جذب کلسیم می شود چرا که پنیر دارای کلسیم و گردو دارای فسفر است که به نسبت مساوی جذب را بالا می برد.
زارعی یادآور شد: مقدار دریافت غذایی توصیه شده کلسیم برای افراد بالغ یک هزار تا یک هزار و 200 میلی گرم در روز است که این میزان بستگی به سن، جنس و شرایط فرد دارد که به عنوان مثال در زنان باردار و شیرده، کودکان و نوجوانان میزان نیاز به کلسیم بیشتر است.
وی افزود: یک واحد لبنیات حدود 300 میلی گرم کلسیم را تامین می کند و یک واحد لبنیات برابر یک لیوان شیر یا یک لیوان ماست یا 45 گرم پنیر است.
** بسیاری از مردم از بیماری پوکی استخوان خود اطلاع ندارند
یک پزشک فوق تخصص روماتولوژی (روماتیسم و مفاصل) نیز در این ارتباط گفت: بسیاری از مردم جامعه ایرانی از بیماری پوکی استخوان خود اطلاع چندانی ندارند و در افراد سالمند که منجر به شکستگی استخوان آنان می شود، متوجه بیماری خود می شوند.
دکتر ˈشهرام بهاروند احمدیˈ افزود: زنان بالای 50 سال و برخی بیماران روماتیسمی و تیروئیدی که به دلیل مصرف داروهای کورتون دار در معرض پوکی استخوان هستند باید حتما نسبت به تست سنجش تراکم استخوان یا دانسیتومتری اقدام کنند تا از میزان پوکی استخوان خود مطلع شوند.
وی با اشاره به اینکه پوکی استخوان به علت کاهش تراکم استخوان ایجاد می شود، اظهار داشت: تامین کلسیم مورد نیاز بدن و ویتامین D می تواند بخشی از مشکلات موجود افراد مبتلا به این بیماری را کاهش دهد.
** پوکی استخوان هیچ علامتی ندارد
وی با بیان اینکه این بیماری بدون علامت است، اظهار داشت: ممکن با شکستگی استخوان در میان افراد در معرض پوکی استخوان بتوان نسبت به شناسایی افراد مبتلا اقدام کرد اما بهترین راه شناسایی و میزان پوکی استخوان تست تراکم استخوان است.
** علت های اصلی پوکی استخوان
این پزشک فوق تخصص روماتولوژی هم کمبود کلسیم و فسفر در رژیم غذایی، سطح پایین استروژن پس از یائسگی، کاهش فعالیت با افزایش سن، استعمال دخانیات و اعتیاد به الکل، کمبود ویتامین ها به ویژه ویتامین دی، وزن پایین تر از 50 کیلوگرم، پرکاری تیرویید و سرطان و سابقه خانوادگی پوکی استخوان را از علت های اصلی ابتلا به پوکی استخوان عنوان کرد.
وی دردهای کمردرد، تغییر شکل ستون فقرات، کاهش قد و بروز شکستگی حتی با ضربه های خفیف را از جمله علائم شایع در این بیماری بیان کرد و گفت: کم تحرکی و استفاده از رژیم غذایی نامناسب و کمبود کلسیم شدید می تواند تشدیدکننده این بیماری باشد.
ایشان افزود: حرکات ورزشی ، استفاده از یک رژیم غذایی سرشار از کلسیم و مصرف ویتامین D یا قرار گرفتن در معرض نور مستقیم آفتاب می تواند در کاهش ابتلای به این بیماری تاثیر بسزایی داشته باشد.
Alzheimer's dementia is a devastating disease characterized by loss of normal thought parameters and memory that will strike one in ten over the age of 65 and nearly half by the time they reach 85. These scary statistics mean that virtually everyone will be touched in some way by this insidious illness at some point in their lives. A rapidly growing library of scientific evidence continues to emerge that demonstrates there are a number of lifestyle changes that we can make as young and middle-aged adults that can significantly lower our risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers from the Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute in Spain publishing in the journal, Neurobiology of Aging have found that the combination of two neuroprotective therapies, voluntary physical exercise, and the daily intake of melatonin have been shown to have a synergistic effect against brain deterioration in several common variants of Alzheimer's disease.
The study's authors found that regular, voluntary exercise and daily intake of melatonin, both of which are known for the effects they have in regulating circadian rhythm, show a synergistic effect against brain deterioration that leads to the memory-robbing disease in a mouse model predisposed to develop the illness. Lead author, Dr. Coral Sanfeliu commented "For years we have known that the combination of different anti-aging therapies such as physical exercise, a Mediterranean diet, and not smoking adds years to one's life... now it seems that melatonin, the sleep hormone, also has important anti-aging effects."
Physical activity and melatonin dramatically lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease progression
To determine the effect of physical activity and melatonin supplementation on developing Alzheimer's dementia, researchers divided the genetically-predisposed mice into three control groups, and compared them to animals that had no known inclination to develop dementia. The animals were designated to undergo different treatment protocols including exercise by allowing unrestricted use of a running wheel, melatonin supplementation with a dose equivalent to 10 mg per kg of body weight, and a combination of melatonin and voluntary physical exercise.
After a period of six months, the study's authors concluded "The state of the mice undergoing treatment was closer to that of the mice with no mutations than to their own initial pathological state. From this we can say that the disease has significantly regressed." The genetically predisposed mice demonstrated a general improvement in behavior, learning, and memory with the three treatments. It should be noted that mice are commonly used for this type of research as they share similar neurobiology characteristics with humans.
Numerous prior studies have highlighted the importance of supplementation with melatonin (one to five milligrams, 30 minutes before bedtime) to encourage natural sleep rhythms, and to help lower risks from cancer and cardiovascular disease. We can now add the combination of regular physical activity and melatonin supplementation to the growing list of health benefits, as the therapy is shown to provide another potent tool in the battle to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
Sources:
http://www.neurobiologyofaging.org
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120926110110.htm
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/250741.php
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/f-sf-mae092612.php
A genetic predisposition to Type II diabetes is found among more than half of the U.S. population. But if this form of the disease "runs" in your family, you can lower your risk by losing weight and exercising. However, Stanford University School of Medicine investigators have found a specific nutrient -- beta carotene -- may also impact the genetic risk and could offer protection from the disease.
The genomes of 50 to 60 percent of Americans carries two copies of a gene variant that raises the risk of Type II diabetes slightly but significantly. For the new study, just published in Human Genetics, the Stanford scientists searched for interactions between blood levels of various substances and these gene variants. People with a double dose of one of the predisposing-to-diabetes genes were found to have a statistically significant, inverse association of beta carotene blood levels to their Type II diabetes risk.
Simply put, the higher the level of beta carotene, a red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits that is related to vitamin A, the lower the risk of developing Type II diabetes.
The researchers also found a positive association between one form of vitamin E, gamma tocopherol, and a risk of Type II diabetes. Although you can expect some news reports will declare this means vitamin E is a cause of diabetes, let's look at exactly at what the Stanford scientists actually found. Only one form of vitamin E (which happens to be the major form found in the typical American diet of fast, processed foods), gamma tocopherol, was associated with a possible increased risk of Type II diabetes in people with high blood levels of the vitamin. Gamma tocopherol is found in processed foods like margarine and in soybean and corn oils.
Natural health advocates have long advised that mixed tocopherols are the healthy form of vitamin E most beneficial to the body. In fact, the Stanford study shows that blood levels of alpha tocopherol, another form of vitamin E that predominates in most supplements, produced no Type II diabetes-promoting interaction with the predisposing gene variant.
"Type II diabetes affects about 15 percent of the world's population, and the numbers are increasing," Atul Butte, MD, PhD, associate professor of systems medicine in pediatrics and senior author of the new study said in a media statement. "Government health authorities estimate that one-third of all children born in the United States since the year 2000 will get this disease at some point in their lives, possibly knocking decades off their life expectancies."
With the disease reaching epidemic proportions, obviously more research is needed into the protection from Type II diabetes specific nutrients provide. But it is clearly a sensible idea to eat more beta carotene-rich foods like carrots, beets and sweet potatoes, and/or to take beta carotene supplements.
In addition, as Natural News has covered before, along with exercise and weight control, scientists have found several other nutritional strategies can also help prevent and/or treat Type II diabetes. For example, research published in the journal Nature strongly indicates an imbalance of "good" versus "bad" bacteria in the intestinal tract appears to trigger Type II diabetes and taking probiotics may help prevent the disease. And Harvard School of Public Health investigators published their discovery in the Archives of Internal Medicine which reveals that eating two or more servings of brown rice per week slashes the risk of Type II diabetes.
Sources:
http://med.stanford.edu/ism/2013/january/butte.html
http://www.naturalnews.com
http://www.naturalnews.com/029143_brown_rice_diabetes.html
بازتاب خبری گسترده خبرگزاری ها و رسانه های کشور از:
افتتاح مرکز آزمایشگاه همکار سپیدطب آزمون
خبرگزاری رسمی و دولتی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (ایرنا)
خبرگزاری دانشجویان ایران (ایسنا)
پایگاه خبری تحلیلی مستقل ایران (بهار)
پایگاه خبری و تحلیلی شهدای ایران
به گزارش دپارتمان روابط عمومی و بین الملل هلدینگ یاقوت رویان، دکتر سید حسین اعتمادی موسس گروه شرکتهای بین المللی یاقوت رویان از موفقیت مجموعه عسل دارو کیش از اقمار هلدینگ در تولید قرص ال کارنیتین مکیدنی-جویدنی در داخل کشور با قابلیت رقابت با همتا های خارجی خود خبر داد و گفت:
پروژه تحقیقاتی فرمولاسیون و تولید قرص ال کارنیتین از چندی پیش در دستور کار دپارتمان تحقیقاتی شرکت داروسازی سپیدطب با مدیریت عاملی خانم دکتر پورشقاقی و به سفارش شرکت عسل دارو کیش قرار داشته است که با سعی و تلاش شبانه روزی کارشناسان و متخصصان ذیمدخل و با بکارگیری باکیفیت ترین مواد اولیه اروپایی و با فرمول منحصربفرد دارویی (مکیدنی- جویدنی)، همزمان با فرخنده سالروز ولادت حضرت رسول اکرم ص، تولید انبوه این محصول آغاز و مقارن با دهه مبارک فجر پروسه توزیع سراسری قرص مکیدنی ال کارنیتین 1000 میلی گرمی برای اولین بار در کشور عملیاتی شده است که گفتنی است فرآیند تولید این مکمل منطبق با آخرین استانداردهای روز دنیا و اروپا و همچنین با رعایت کامل پروتکل های جهانی GMP، بوده است.
همچنین دکتر اعتمادی خاطرنشان ساخت:
تولید این قرص مکمل غذایی که به عنوان برگ زرین دیگری از افتخارات هلدینگ بین المللی یاقوت رویان محسوب می شود، بعنوان مکمل رژیم غذایی جهت کمک به کاهش وزن و افزایش انرژی و تحرک قابل استفاده خواهد بود و در فاز نهایی پروژه، صادرات آن به سایر کشورهای جهان در دستور کار قرار گرفنه است.
دکتر اعتمادی افزود:
یکی از نکات مهمی که جامعه داروسازی و البته پزشکی کشور باید به آن توجه کند، حوزه اخلاق است و این مسئله متأسفانه یکی از نقاط ضعف ارائه کنندگان خدمات سلامت است، رعایت اخلاق، فقط رفتار و ارتباط خوب با مردم نیست بلکه کدهای اخلاقی فراوانی وجود دارد که از جنبه های علمی و فنی نیز برای ارائه خدمات مناسب به مردم حائز اهمیت است و در مجموع باید به این سمت حرکت کرد که نگاه اقتصادی و درآمدی در خدمات پزشکی و مراقبتهای دارویی جای خود را به خدمات اخلاقی و کسب رضایت مردم داده و درمان مردم در اولویت قرار گیرد و تنها در این صورت است که راه تعالی و کمال در حوزه سلامت به درستی طی خواهد شد و از اینروست که یکی از سرلوحه های کاری و اخلاقی کلیه فعالیتهای معموله در گروه شرکتهای یاقوت رویان، همواره بر اصل لزوم تسهیل و ترویج عدالت در حوزه درمانی آحاد مختلف مردم جامعه بوده و خواهد بود، چراکه کمبود دارو و یا عدم رعایت اصل انسانی عدالت در این زمینه به هر دلیل در یک کشور، به معنی افزایش مرگ و بیماری مردم آن کشور است. پس بنابراین کشورها باید توان تولید و تأمین داروهای استراتژیک و غیراستراتژیک خود را ارتقاء دهند.