Beta-carotene is a red-orange pigment found in plants and fruits, especially carrots and colorful vegetables.

The name beta-carotene comes from the Greek beta and Latin carota (carrot). It is the yellow/orange pigment that gives vegetables and fruits their rich colors. H. Wachenroder crystallized beta-carotene from carrot roots in 1831, and came up with the name "carotene".

Beta-carotene's chemical formula - C40H56 - was discovered in 1907.

The human body converts beta-carotene into vitamin A (retinol) - beta-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A. We need vitamin A for healthy skin and mucus membranes, our immune system, and good eye health and vision.

Beta-carotene in itself is not an essential nutrient, but vitamin A is. Beta-carotene from food is a safe source of vitamin A Vitamin A can be sourced from the food we eat, through beta-carotene, for example, or in supplement form. The advantage of dietary beta-carotene is that the body only converts as much as it needs.

Excess vitamin A is toxic. Toxic vitamin A levels can occur if you consume too many supplements. Beta-carotene is an antioxidant
A Flamingo
The flamingo's characteristic red-orange color is caused by beta-carotene in their diet.
Beta-carotene, like all carotenoids, is an antioxidant. An antioxidant is a substance that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules; it protects the body from free radicals. Free radicals damage cells through oxidation. Eventually, the damage caused by free radicals can cause several chronic illnesses.

Several studies have shown that antioxidants through diet help people's immune systems, protect against free radicals, and lower the risk of developing cancer and heart disease. Some studies have suggested that those who consume at least four daily servings of beta-carotene rich fruits and/or vegetables have a lower risk of developing cancer or heart disease. Which foods are rich in beta-carotene? The following foods are rich in beta-carotene:

    Apricots
    Asparagus
    Broccoli
    Carrots
    Chinese cabbage
    Chives
    Dandelion leaves
    Grapefruit
    Herbs & Spices - chilli powder, oregano, paprika, parsley
    Kale
    Ketchup
    Many margarines
    Onions
    Peas
    Peppers
    Plums
    Pumpkin
    Spinach
    Squash
    Squash
    Sweet potatoes

Enjoyment of a comfort and continuous sleep at night is necessary for refreshment, soothing the nerves, cheerfulness and health. All individuals at different age groups are recommended sleep 7-8 hours at night during 24 hours. Insomnia causes such diseases as hypertension, cardiac disorder, depression and obesity. Nowadays, insomnia is propounded as a health problem in societies. It appears in forms of problems in falling asleep, repetitive awakening during night, with inability or problem in falling asleep again, awakening early in the morning, and sleep that doesn’t bring refreshment. Such problems are increased upon aging in such an away as about 50% of seniors are affected by such problems as described above and subsequently, their life quality will be decreased. Insomnia and sleep problems appear with no diseases or specific conditions among some individuals. While it is possible that an individual suffer from insomnia due to such diseases as arthrosis, cancer, heartburn or pain or drinking alcoholic drinks.
It is certain that the said problem will be a threat for health of an individual and may bring about irretrievable damages in the future in social, occupational and family views. Identifying causes of insomnia and obviating such cause may minimize respective damages caused by insomnia. Thus, according to the studies contracted in this regard, about 80% cases of insomnia can be treated by identifying its causes. Such simple recommendations as walking toward bed, and sleeping and awakening at certain hour shall help normal rhythm of sleep. Also, avoiding heavy supper, fatty food before sleep and physical activity before sleep shall facilitate comfort sleep. Using sleeping pills is recommended by physicians in some cases. But there are still many persons who don’t like to use such medicines because of such complications as decrease of concentration, drowsiness, raise of falling down and car accidents. On the other hand, they are worried about addiction to such medicines and their ineffectiveness. Some people use herbal drinks in order to have comfort sleep at night. Some others use oral supplements. From among recommended supplements, there is a compound, which is naturally generated in human body and it is Melatonin. In fact, Melatonin is a hormone compound, of which function is similar to clock in our body. It is responsible for designating time in day and even year for body. In addition to regulating biological clock, thanks to its antioxidant property, the said hormone is of great interest. Researches have revealed the effect of Melatonin with a dosage of 2 milligrams for improvement of quality of sleep without drowsiness during day. Thus, some physicians recommend the individuals who suffer from insomnia, receive Melatonin. On the other hand, as the said compound naturally exists in our body, it has no similar complications to those of sleeping pills. It should be noted that regulating body’s biological clock improves life quality of adults and also it will be helpful for growth process of children accordingly.
Moreover, considering the individuals who are affected by jetlag during long journeys and their sleep regulation is disturbed, receiving Melatonin helps them achieve normal sleep rhythm. Moreover, avoiding caffeine drinks such as coffee and sleep during air flight is helpful for prevention of jetlag.
Receiving Melatonin for 3 mg per day reaches maximum serum concentration within 20-60 minutes after the said compound is received. Thus, individuals are recommended use Melatonin 30 or 60 minutes before sleep so that they shall benefit from regulating effect of the said hormone and their body biological clock shall be regulated accordingly.

Backache and joint pains are our uncomfortable experiences for us. Nowadays, due to incorrect sitting position and work with computer long hours and unpreparedness of body muscles, the youth and middle age persons are at risk of said complications in such a way as 80% individuals refer to a physician at least once during our lifetime for treatment of low back pain. Moreover, obesity and diet of slight quantities of antioxidants expose us to chronic inflammatory diseases more than before.
Diagnosis of physicians is different based on joints involved and severity of inflammation. In most cases, arthrosis is the main problem among middle age and aged people. The said complication is accompanied by atrophy in morning. The problem of arthritis more occurs among young ladies. It starts on wrists more and then, other joints are involved accordingly. Hot and inflamed joints are evident symptoms of such complication.  
Relief of backache and joint pains do need rest and observing some kinetic movements in order to prevent recurrence. In order to relief pain, physicians usually prescribe anti-inflammatory and non-steroid drug or glucocorticoids. However, patients are aware about side-effects of the said medicines including osteoporosis, gastric bleeding, they scare receiving the said medicines, seeking for a more safe and harmless ways for prevention of their pains. Meanwhile, using oral supplements and respective compounds, achieved from herbs, are among the cases, which are more reliable and highly appreciated by the patients, suffering from the said chronic complications.
But, which herbs may act pain relief and be effective in subsiding pain?
In the modern world, scientists believed in nature once again. They are thinking of clearing and separating panacea from the nature. From among extracts effective on subsiding joint pains and as inflammation, we may name Boswellia. The extract of the said herb enjoys anti-inflammatory property and is effective for subsiding pain for 200-400 mg , used three times every day. The extract of the said herb is also used for treatment of arthrosis and Arthritis and also improve movement ability and flexibility of joints, which are among the effects of consuming the said extract. No study has been done among pregnant and breast-feeding women with respect to consuming the said herb. The said extract is not recommended for the said group.  
From among herbal extract of which usage dates back to civilization of Egypt and Ancient Rome, used as refrigerant and pain relief, we can point out skin of willow tree. Manuscripts about willow tree skin dates date back to 3500 years. Many ancient physicians namely Socrates recommended the said panacea as relief for rheumatic pains. Later, the effective purified matter of the said herb was called “Salicin”. The relief effect of Salicin on pain among the patients suffering from backache, arthrosis of pelvis and knee has been confirmed through different studies. Despite the fact that anti-pain effect of the willow tree skin is attributed to Salicin, there are still other compounds in the willow trea skin including Tanons and Flavonoids, which have a part in subsiding pain. The said compound by the patients, with past allergy to Aspirin and gastric ulcer must be used cautiously.
Another extract of a well-known herb is Corcomina, which is taken from turmeric. Turmeric is a kind of spice, which is used all over the world, especially in Asia and India in cooking as a spice. Corcomina, taken from turmeric has success effects as anti-cellular replacement, prohibiting generation of inflammatory mediums and prohibiting degenerative enzymes of joints such as Collagenase, Elastase and Hyaluronidase. The said extract shows useful and valuable effects among the patients, suffering from arthrosis and other diseases such as cardiac disorders, diabetes, and auto-immune disorders.
Due to their antioxidant property, vitamins and minerals may also show noticeable anti-inflammatory effects, subsiding joint inflammation. Moreover, some vitamins such as Vitamin C and minerals namely copper play undeniable role in restoration and regeneration of cartilage.
It seems that seeking in nature is an appropriate response to all pains. It is only required to ask nature so that it will reflect replies to our questions.